Which type of instruction defines for the robot how to move, where to move, how fast to move, and how to stop?

The correct choice, which defines for the robot how to move, where to move, how fast to move, and how to stop, is motion instruction. Motion instructions are specifically designed to provide comprehensive guidance regarding the robot's movements, outlining the trajectory, speed, and stopping conditions. They are a fundamental component of programming robots, ensuring precise control over their actions.

Motion instructions typically include parameters for trajectory planning, acceleration, and deceleration, which all influence the robot's ability to execute tasks safely and efficiently. This instruction set allows for highly defined movement patterns that can adapt to various tasks and environments, making it essential for effective robotic operation.

In contrast, the other options emphasize different aspects of control but do not encapsulate the full range of needs for defining a robot's movement. Speed instructions would solely focus on the rate of movement, while a movement directive may lack the specificity required for comprehensive control. Control commands might refer to broader operational commands that are not exclusively related to movement. Therefore, motion instruction stands out as the most accurate term to describe the complete set of movement capabilities for a robot.